Tom Chapman and the Glasgow Punch

The Fractional Chapman Kolmogorov Equation

The Chapman–Kolmogorov equation with fractional integrals is derived. An integral of fractional order is considered as an approximation of the integral on fractal. Fractional integrals can be used to describe the fractal media. Using fractional integrals, the fractional generalization of the Chapman–Kolmogorov equation is obtained. From the fractional Chapman–Kolmogorov equation, the Fokker–Pla...

Tom.

Spectral changes in the tom-tom related to striking force

This study has investigated the question how the radiated spectra of a tom-tom changes with striking force. Five tom-toms of different size were recorded at four dynamic levels (pp, mp, mf and ff) and their averaged spectra analysed. It was observed that the number of modes excited increase with playing strength, seen in the radiated spectra as a characteristic change in slope for higher freque...

The one-two punch

The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) regulates gene transcription by activating the nuclear receptors RAR and PPARβ/δ and their cognate lipid binding proteins CRABP-II, which delivers RA to RAR, and FABP5, which shuttles the hormone to PPARβ/δ. In preadipocytes, RA signals predominantly through CRABP-II and the RAR isotype RARγ to induce the expression of hallmark markers of preadipocyte...

The serratus punch.

Shoulder pain is common, especially with overhead tasks. A common misconception is that the rotator cuff should be trained with internal and external rotation exercises. The shoulder girdle is complex due to it’s inherent instability. This allows a tremendous range of mobility, but comes with a price. Namely, overuse injuries from repetitive strain especially with lifting, throwing, striking, e...